Determiners and quantifiers
ወሳኞችና የመጠን ቃላት (determiners and quantifiers)
ወሳኞች የትኛው ወይም ስንት እንደሆነ ለመናገር ከስም በፊት ይመጣሉ፦ this, those, each, every, all, both, either, neither, no, none, enough። እያንዳንዳቸው ከተወሰነ ዓይነት ስም ጋር ይሄዳሉ።
this, that, these, those
this (ይህ) እና these (እነዚህ) በአጠገብዎ ላሉ ነገሮች ናቸው፤ that (ያ) እና those (እነዚያ) ርቀው ላሉ ነገሮች ናቸው። this እና that ከነጠላ ወይም ከማይቆጠሩ ስሞች ጋር ይሄዳሉ፤ these እና those ከብዙ ጋር ይሄዳሉ። ብቻቸውንም ሊቆሙ ይችላሉ፦ This is my wife። Those are mine።
| Near | Far | |
|---|---|---|
| singular / uncountable | this bag, this money | that car, that music |
| plural | these shoes | those people |
| time | this week (now) | that day (in the past) |
| on the phone | This is Meron. | Is that Daniel? |
- this / that + is፤ these / those + are፦ These apples are fresh።
- ስሙ መስማማት አለበት፦ these kind of → this kind of / these kinds of።
- How much are these tomatoes?
- Is this seat free?
- Who are those people outside?
- I'm very busy this week.
each, every, all, both
each እና every ከነጠላ ስምና ከነጠላ ግሥ ጋር ይሄዳሉ፦ Every apartment has a balcony። each አባላቱን አንድ በአንድ ይመለከታል (ብዙ ጊዜ ትንሽ ቡድን)፤ every ሙሉውን ቡድን ይመለከታል። all ከብዙ ወይም ከማይቆጠሩ ስሞች ጋር ይሄዳል፦ All the rooms are clean። both ሁለቱም ማለት ነው። የአማርኛው ሁሉ / እያንዳንዱ እነዚህን ይሸፍናል፤ እንግሊዝኛ ግን ከኋላቸው ስለሚመጣው ስም ጥብቅ ነው።
| Word | Noun | Example |
|---|---|---|
| each | singular | Each child gets a book. |
| every | singular | I call my mother every day. |
| all (of) the | plural / uncountable | All the stores are closed. All the food is gone. |
| both (of) the | plural (two) | Both my sisters live in Las Vegas. |
| each of / all of / both of | + the / my / pronoun | Each of the rooms… All of us… Both of them… |
- every + ነጠላ ግሥ፦ Everyone is here። Every room has a window (every rooms አይደለም)።
- all / both ከዋናው ግሥ በፊት፣ ከ be በኋላ ይገባሉ፦ We all agree። They are both nurses።
- every day (ተውሳክ፣ ሁለት ቃላት) ከ everyday (ቅጽል) ይለያል፦ everyday English።
- Every apartment in the building has air conditioning.
- Each student must bring an ID.
- All the kids in my family speak Amharic.
- Both of my parents are retired.
- We all went to the wedding.
either, neither, no, none, enough
either = ከሁለቱ አንዱ ወይም ሌላው፤ neither = አንዱም ሌላውም አይደለም። ሁለቱም ነጠላ ስም ይወስዳሉ፦ Either day is fine። Neither bus goes there። no + ስም ምንም የለም ማለት ነው፦ There's no milk። none ብቻውን ወይም ከ of ጋር ይቆማል፦ None of my friends drive። enough ከስም በፊት ይገባል፦ enough money, enough chairs።
| Word | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| either | one of two (positive / question) | You can sit at either table. |
| neither | not one of two | Neither answer is right. |
| either … or / neither … nor | two choices | Pay either online or in person. Neither he nor I knew. |
| no | + noun = not any | There are no buses after midnight. |
| none (of) | alone / + of | How many tickets are left? — None. None of them works. |
| enough | + noun | Do we have enough food? |
- neither ቀድሞ አሉታዊ ነው፦ Neither of them came (Neither of them didn't come አይደለም)።
- በአሉታ neither ሳይሆን either ይጠቀሙ፦ I don't like either of them።
- no ከስም በፊት ይጠቀማል፤ none ያለ ስም ይጠቀማል፦ I have no time። — I have none።
- Tuesday or Thursday? Either day works for me.
- Neither of my kids likes spicy food.
- There's no bus service on this street.
- None of the apartments we saw had a yard.
- We don't have enough money for a new car.
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| Every student must sign in. | every takes a singular noun. | |
| These shoes are too small. | Plural nouns take these / those. | |
| All the rooms are clean. | all goes with plural (or uncountable) nouns. | |
| Neither of them came. | neither is already negative. | |
| I have no money. | Use no before a noun; none stands alone. | |
| Both of my brothers live here. | both means two: use the plural. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
___ shoes are very comfortable. (near me)
Who is ___ man over there?
Every ___ in our building has a parking space.
___ my parents are from Gondar. (= the two of them)
___ the stores downtown close at 9.
Monday or Friday? ___ day is fine with me.
I asked two people, but ___ of them knew the way.
There are ___ buses after midnight. (= not any; one word)
How many letters came today? — ___.
Do we have ___ for everyone?
___ child gets a gift at the party.
Correct it: “This kind of jobs are hard.” → This kind of ___ is hard.