Paragraphs
አንቀጾች (paragraphs)
አንቀጽ ስለ አንድ ዋና ሐሳብ የሚናገሩ የዓረፍተ ነገሮች ስብስብ ነው፦ ርዕሰ ዓረፍተ ነገር፣ ደጋፊ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች፣ ማያያዣ ቃላት፣ እና የማጠቃለያ ዓረፍተ ነገር። በኢሜይል፣ በትምህርት ቤት ጽሑፍ፣ በሥራ ማመልከቻና በሪፖርት ይጠቀማሉ።
የአንቀጽ ክፍሎች
የእንግሊዝኛ አንቀጽ ብዙ ጊዜ በዋናው ነጥቡ፣ በርዕሰ ዓረፍተ ነገሩ ይጀምራል፤ ከዚያም ይደግፈዋል። የአማርኛ ጽሑፍ ብዙ ጊዜ ወደ ዋናው ነጥብ እያደገ በመጨረሻ ይደርሳል፤ የእንግሊዝኛ አንባቢዎች ግን መጀመሪያ ይጠብቁታል። አንድ አንቀጽ አንድ ዋና ሐሳብ አለው፤ ሐሳቡ ሲለወጥ አዲስ አንቀጽ ይጀምሩ። በኢሜይል በአንቀጾች መካከል ባዶ መስመር ይተዉ።
| Part | Job | Example |
|---|---|---|
| topic sentence | states the main idea | Las Vegas is a good city for new immigrants. |
| supporting sentences (2–5) | reasons, facts, examples | There are many jobs in hotels and restaurants. |
| linking words | connect the sentences | First, … Also, … For example, … However, … |
| concluding sentence | repeats or closes the idea | For these reasons, many families choose to settle here. |
- አንድ አንቀጽ፣ አንድ ዋና ሐሳብ።
- እያንዳንዱ ደጋፊ ዓረፍተ ነገር ስለ ርዕሰ ዓረፍተ ነገሩ መሆን አለበት። ካልሆነ ያንቀሳቅሱት ወይም ይሰርዙት።
- የተለመደ አንቀጽ ከ4–7 ዓረፍተ ነገሮች ነው። የኢሜይል አንቀጽ 2–3 ሊሆን ይችላል።
- Topic: My first job in the US taught me a lot.
- Support: I learned to talk to customers in English.
- Support: I also learned how American workplaces work, from breaks to schedules.
- Conclusion: Although it was hard, that job prepared me for my career.
ማያያዣ ቃላት
ማያያዣ ቃላት አንዱ ዓረፍተ ነገር ከሚቀጥለው ጋር እንዴት እንደሚገናኝ ያሳያሉ፦ መጨመር፣ ምሳሌ መስጠት፣ ማነጻጸር፣ ውጤት ማሳየት ወይም ቅደም ተከተል። ብዙ ጊዜ በዓረፍተ ነገር መጀመሪያ ይመጣሉ፤ ከኋላቸውም ኮማ ይከተላል።
| Job | Linking words |
|---|---|
| order | First, Second, Next, Then, Finally, |
| adding | Also, In addition, Moreover, |
| example | For example, For instance, |
| contrast | However, On the other hand, Although |
| result | As a result, Therefore, So |
| conclusion | In conclusion, Overall, For these reasons, |
- በዓረፍተ ነገር መጀመሪያ ካለ ማያያዣ ቃል በኋላ ኮማ ያስገቡ፦ However, the rent is high።
- በእያንዳንዱ ዓረፍተ ነገር ማያያዣ አይጠቀሙ፤ በአንድ አንቀጽ ሁለት ወይም ሦስት በቂ ነው።
- ተውላጠ ስሞች (this, these, it, they) ዓረፍተ ነገሮችንም ያገናኛሉ፦ I found a cheaper apartment። It is near my work።
- First, fill in the application. Then, bring it to the front desk.
- The job pays well. In addition, it has health insurance.
- The apartment is beautiful. However, it is far from the bus line.
- The road was closed. As a result, many workers were late.
- For example, my neighbour drives me to church on Sundays.
ምሳሌ አንቀጽ
እያንዳንዱ ክፍል በቦታው ያለበት ሙሉ አንቀጽ በእንግሊዝኛው ክፍል ይገኛል። ርዕሰ ዓረፍተ ነገሩ ዋናውን ሐሳብ ይናገራል (እንግሊዝኛ መማር ሕይወቴን ለውጦታል)፤ አራት ደጋፊ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች ምክንያቶችንና ምሳሌ ይሰጣሉ (ከመምህራን ጋር ያለ አስተርጓሚ መነጋገር፣ ደብዳቤዎችን ማንበብ፣ የተሻለ ሥራ፣ እንግዳን መርዳት)፤ First, also, In addition, For example የሚሉት ቃላት ያያይዟቸዋል፤ የማጠቃለያው ዓረፍተ ነገር ደግሞ ሐሳቡን በ For these reasons ይዘጋል።
- ርዕሰ ዓረፍተ ነገሩን መጀመሪያ ይጻፉ፤ ሌሎቹ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች ሁሉ እንደሚደግፉት ያረጋግጡ።
- ቢያንስ አንድ ተጨባጭ ምሳሌ ይስጡ፦ ስም፣ ቦታ፣ ቁጥር ወይም ክስተት።
- የማጠቃለያው ዓረፍተ ነገር ዋናውን ሐሳብ በአዲስ ቃላት ይደግማል፤ አዲስ ሐሳብ አይጨምርም።
- Topic sentence: Our neighbourhood needs a safer crosswalk.
- Support: Many children cross Maryland Parkway to get to school.
- Support: Last year, two people were hit by cars at that corner.
- Conclusion: A crosswalk with a light would protect our families.
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| (Separate paragraphs: one for your job, one for your family) | One paragraph, one main idea. | |
| (Starting with the main point, then the details) | English readers expect the topic sentence first. | |
| However, the rent is high. | A comma follows a linking word at the start of a sentence. | |
| In conclusion, this job is a good fit for me. | The conclusion closes the idea; it does not add a new one. | |
| First... Also... For example... As a result... | Vary the linking words; do not number every sentence. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
Where does the topic sentence usually go in an English paragraph?
Which is the best topic sentence for a paragraph about why you like your job?
Linking word for an example: “For ___, I help my neighbour with her shopping.” (one word)
Which linking word shows contrast?
Paragraph topic: “Our apartment is great for our family.” Which sentence does NOT belong?
Linking word for a result: “The bus broke down. As a ___, I was late.” (one word)
What does a concluding sentence do?
Which is punctuated correctly?
Linking word to add a point: “The rent is low. ___, the landlord is kind.” (one word)
When should you start a new paragraph?