Stative verbs (verbs not used in the continuous)
የሁኔታ ግሦች (stative verbs)፦ በቀጣይ ጊዜ የማይገቡ ግሦች
እንደ know, like, want, own, seem ያሉ ግሦች ድርጊትን ሳይሆን ሁኔታን ይገልጻሉ፤ ስለዚህ በአብዛኛው በቀጣይ (-ing) ጊዜያት አይገቡም፦ I know (I'm knowing አይደለም)።
ሁኔታዎችና ድርጊቶች
ድርጊት መጀመሪያና መጨረሻ አለው፤ "በሂደት ላይ" ሊሆን ይችላል፦ cook, run, write። ሁኔታ ግን እንቅስቃሴ የሌለው ዝም ብሎ ያለ ነገር ነው፦ know, believe, belong። ቀጣይ ጊዜያት በሂደት ላይ ያለን ነገር ያሳያሉ፤ ስለዚህ ለሁኔታዎች አይስማሙም። "አሁን" ማለት ቢፈልጉም ቀላሉን ቅርጽ ይጠቀሙ፦ I need help right now (I'm needing አይደለም)። አማርኛ "አውቀዋለሁ"፣ "እፈልጋለሁ" ያለ ቀጣይ ቅርጽ ይላል፤ ስለዚህ ይህ ሕግ ተፈጥሯዊ ነው፤ ስሕተቱ የሚመጣው ተማሪዎች "አሁን" ባለበት ዓረፍተ ነገር ሁሉ -ing ሲጨምሩ ነው።
| Group | Common stative verbs |
|---|---|
| Mind / thinking | know, believe, understand, remember, forget, mean, realise, suppose, doubt, think (= believe) |
| Feelings | like, love, hate, prefer, want, need, wish, mind, care |
| Owning | have (= own), own, belong, possess |
| Senses | see, hear, smell, taste, feel (= have an opinion / a texture) |
| Being / appearance | be, seem, appear, look (= seem), resemble, cost, weigh, contain, include, depend, matter, fit |
- የሁኔታ ግሦችን በቀላል ጊዜያት ይጠቀሙ፦ የአሁን ቀላል፣ ያለፈ ቀላል፣ የአሁን ፍጹም (I've known her for years)።
- ከስሜት ግሦች ጋር ለ"አሁን" can ይጠቀሙ፦ I can hear the baby (I'm hearing አይደለም)።
- I don't understand this letter from the insurance company.
- This apartment costs $1,400 a month.
- Do you remember her name?
- The car belongs to my brother.
- I can smell coffee. Is someone making buna?
ሁለት ትርጉም ያላቸው ግሦች
አንዳንድ ግሦች በአንድ ትርጉም የሁኔታ፣ በሌላ ትርጉም የድርጊት ግሦች ናቸው። ያኔ ለድርጊቱ ትርጉም ቀጣዩ ይሠራል። think፦ I think it's a good idea (አስተያየት፣ ሁኔታ) / I'm thinking about changing jobs (አእምሮው እየሠራ ነው፣ ድርጊት)። have፦ I have a car (ባለቤትነት) / I'm having lunch (መብላት፣ ድርጊት)። ትርጉሙ ሁኔታ ነው ወይስ እንቅስቃሴ የሚለውን ይመልከቱ።
| Verb | State (simple only) | Action (continuous OK) |
|---|---|---|
| think | I think he's right. (= believe) | I'm thinking about it. (= considering) |
| have | She has two kids. (= own) | She's having a baby / a party / a shower. |
| see | I see what you mean. (= understand) | I'm seeing the doctor tomorrow. (= meeting) |
| taste | The soup tastes salty. | He's tasting the soup. (= testing) |
| look | You look tired. (= seem) | What are you looking at? |
| be | He is rude. (his character) | He's being rude. (his behaviour now) |
- I'm loving it / I'm liking it ከማስታወቂያና ከንግግር የመጣ መደበኛ ያልሆነ አባባል ነው፤ በጽሑፍና በፈተና I love it / I like it ይጠቀሙ።
- What do you think of the new manager? — I think she's fair.
- I'm thinking of moving to Henderson.
- We're having injera tonight. Do you want to come?
- Why are you smelling the milk? — I think it smells bad.
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| I know the address. | know is a state verb: simple form. | |
| I need a ride to work. | need is a state verb. | |
| This phone costs $900. | cost is a state verb. | |
| I have two brothers. | have = own/possess: no continuous. | |
| Do you understand me? | understand is a state verb. | |
| I can hear music from next door. | Senses right now: can + verb. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
I ___ your sister. We went to school together.
Which verb is NOT normally used in the continuous?
This bag ___ (belong) to me. (one word)
We ___ dinner. Can I call you back?
I ___ about going back to school.
I ___ it's a good idea.
Correct it: “I'm wanting a coffee.” → I ___ a coffee. (one word)
How much ___ these shoes cost? (one word)
Listen! I ___ a siren.
He ___ very rude today. That's not like him.
I've ___ (know) him for ten years. (one word)