Phrasal verbs
ሐረጋዊ ግሦች (phrasal verbs)
ግሥ ከትንሽ ቃል (up, out, on, off, down, back) ጋር ተጣምሮ አዲስ ትርጉም የሚሰጥበት፦ pick up, fill out, look for። የዕለት ተዕለት የእንግሊዝኛ ንግግር በእነሱ የተሞላ ነው።
ሐረጋዊ ግሥ ምንድን ነው
ሐረጋዊ ግሥ ግሥ + ትንሽ ቃል (up, out, on, off, in, down, back, away, over) ነው። ትርጉሙ ብዙ ጊዜ የሁለቱ ቃላት ድምር አይደለም፦ give up ማለት give + up ሳይሆን መሞከር ማቆም፣ ተስፋ መቁረጥ ነው። አማርኛ ለአዲስ ትርጉም ግሡን ራሱን ይለውጣል (ወጣ፣ አወጣ)፤ እንግሊዝኛ ብዙ ጊዜ ግሡን ይዞ ትንሹን ቃል ይለውጣል፦ turn on, turn off, turn down። ሐረጋዊ ግሦች በንግግርና ለወዳጅ በሚጻፍ ኢሜይል የተለመዱ ናቸው፤ መደበኛ ደብዳቤዎች ግን ብዙ ጊዜ አንድ ቃል ያለው ግሥ ይጠቀማሉ።
| Phrasal verb (everyday) | One-word verb (formal) |
|---|---|
| find out | discover |
| put off | postpone |
| call off | cancel |
| fill out | complete |
| go over | review |
| hand in | submit |
| figure out | solve / understand |
| look into | investigate |
- አንድ ግሥ ብዙ ሐረጋዊ ግሦች ሊኖሩት ይችላል፦ look for (መፈለግ)፣ look after (መንከባከብ)፣ look up (በመዝገበ ቃላት መፈለግ)።
- አንድ ሐረጋዊ ግሥ ብዙ ትርጉም ሊኖረው ይችላል፦ take off = ልብስ ማውለቅ፤ አውሮፕላን take off ሲያደርግ = ከመሬት ይነሣል።
- በንግግር ትንሹ ቃል ብዙ ጊዜ ይጠብቃል፦ pick UP, call BACK።
- I gave up coffee for Lent.
- We need to find out when the office opens.
- The plane took off an hour late.
- Can you look after my kids for an hour?
የሚለያይ ወይስ የማይለያይ? ተሳቢው የት ይገባል
በአንዳንድ ሐረጋዊ ግሦች ተሳቢው ከትንሹ ቃል በኋላ ወይም በመካከል ሊገባ ይችላል፦ pick up the kids፣ pick the kids up። እነዚህ የሚለያዩ ናቸው። ተሳቢው ተውላጠ ስም ሲሆን (it, them, me, him) በመካከል መግባት አለበት፦ pick them up እንጂ pick up them አይደለም። ሌሎች ሐረጋዊ ግሦች በፍጹም አይለያዩም፦ look for my keys፣ look for them። አንዳንዶቹ ደግሞ ተሳቢ የላቸውም፦ The car broke down።
| Type | With a noun | With a pronoun |
|---|---|---|
| separable | Pick up the kids. / Pick the kids up. | Pick them up. (not pick up them) |
| separable | Turn off the TV. / Turn the TV off. | Turn it off. (not turn off it) |
| not separable | I'm looking for my keys. | I'm looking for them. (not looking them for) |
| not separable | She looks after her mother. | She looks after her. |
| no object | The car broke down. I got up at six. | — |
| three words | We ran out of milk. I look forward to the trip. | We ran out of it. |
- የተውላጠ ስም ተሳቢዎች በሚለያዩ ግሦች መካከል ይገባሉ፦ call me back, fill it out።
- ጥሩ መዝገበ ቃላት ያሳያል፦ pick sb/sth up (የሚለያይ)፣ look for sb/sth (የማይለያይ)።
- ሦስት ቃል ያላቸው ግሦች በፍጹም አይለያዩም፦ run out of, get along with, look forward to።
- Here's the application. Please fill it out and bring it back.
- The manager is busy. She'll call you back.
- I can't find my glasses. Can you help me look for them?
- My car broke down on the way to work.
ለቤትና ለዕለት ኑሮ 20
እነዚህ በየቀኑ በቤት፣ በመኪናና በከተማ የሚሰሟቸው ሐረጋዊ ግሦች ናቸው። እያንዳንዱን ከተሳቢ ጋር፣ በአጭር ዓረፍተ ነገር ይማሩ።
| Phrasal verb | Meaning | Amharic | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| pick up | collect someone or something | ሄዶ መውሰድ፤ ማንሣት | separable |
| drop off | take someone or something to a place and leave | ማድረስ፤ ማውረድ | separable |
| get up | get out of bed | ከአልጋ መነሣት | no object |
| wake up | stop sleeping | መንቃት፤ መቀስቀስ | no object / separable |
| put on | start wearing | መልበስ | separable |
| take off | remove (clothes); leave the ground (a plane) | ማውለቅ፤ መነሣት (አውሮፕላን) | separable / no object |
| turn on | start a machine or light | ማብራት | separable |
| turn off | stop a machine or light | ማጥፋት | separable |
| turn up | make louder | ድምፅ መጨመር | separable |
| turn down | make quieter; say no to | ድምፅ መቀነስ፤ እምቢ ማለት | separable |
| look for | try to find | መፈለግ | not separable |
| look after | take care of | መንከባከብ | not separable |
| clean up | make tidy | ማጽዳት | separable |
| throw away | put in the trash | መጣል | separable |
| put away | put back in its place | ቦታው መመለስ | separable |
| run out of | have no more | ማለቅ (ያለቀበት መሆን) | not separable |
| get on / get off | enter / leave a bus or train | መሳፈር / መውረድ | not separable |
| move in | start living in a new home | ወደ አዲስ ቤት ገብቶ መኖር | no object |
| move out | leave your home for good | ቤት ለቅቆ መውጣት | no object |
| break down | stop working (a car, a machine) | መበላሸት | no object |
- turn down ሁለት ትርጉም አለው፦ turn the music down (ድምፅ መቀነስ)፣ turn the job down (እምቢ ማለት)።
- get on / get off ለአውቶቡስ፣ ለባቡርና ለአውሮፕላን ነው፤ get in / get out of ለመኪናና ለታክሲ ነው።
- I drop the kids off at school at 7:30 and pick them up at 3.
- Put on your jacket. It's cold this morning.
- We're moving out at the end of the month.
- We ran out of injera, so I went to the market.
- Get off the bus at the second stop.
ለሥራ፣ ለፎርምና ለስልክ 20
እነዚህ በሥራ ቦታ፣ በቢሮዎች፣ በስልክና ሥራ በመፈለግ ጊዜ ይመጣሉ። ብዙዎቹ በደብዳቤ ውስጥ የሚያዩት መደበኛ አንድ ቃል ያለው አቻ አላቸው።
| Phrasal verb | Meaning | Amharic | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| fill out | complete a form | ፎርም መሙላት | separable |
| sign up (for) | register for something | መመዝገብ | no object |
| hand in | give work to someone (submit) | ማስረከብ | separable |
| call back | return a phone call | መልሶ መደወል | separable |
| hang up | end a phone call | ስልክ መዝጋት | no object / separable |
| hold on | wait a moment | ትንሽ መቆየት | no object |
| find out | learn a fact, discover | ማወቅ፤ ማጣራት | separable |
| look up | find information in a book or online | መፈለግ (በመዝገበ ቃላት ወይም በኢንተርኔት) | separable |
| figure out | understand or solve | መረዳት፤ መፍታት | separable |
| go over | check or review | መከለስ | not separable |
| set up | arrange or prepare | ማዘጋጀት፤ ማቋቋም | separable |
| put off | move to a later time (postpone) | ማዘግየት፤ ማራዘም | separable |
| call off | cancel | መሰረዝ | separable |
| show up | arrive, appear | መምጣት፤ ብቅ ማለት | no object |
| give up | stop trying | ተስፋ ቆርጦ መተው | separable |
| pay back | return money you owe | ዕዳ መመለስ | separable |
| get along (with) | have a good relationship | መስማማት | no object |
| come back | return | መመለስ | no object |
| check in | arrive and register (hotel, flight, clinic) | መድረሱን አስመዝግቦ መግባት | no object |
| look forward to | wait happily for | በጉጉት መጠበቅ | not separable |
- በአሜሪካ እንግሊዝኛ ፎርም fill out ይደረጋል፤ በእንግሊዝ እንግሊዝኛ fill in። ሁለቱም ይገባሉ።
- show up ለሚመጡ ሰዎች ይውላል፣ በተለይ ዘግይተው ወይም ሳይመጡ ሲቀሩ፦ He didn't show up for his shift።
- Please fill out both pages and hand them in at the front desk.
- Can you hold on? I'll check the schedule.
- The meeting was called off because of the storm.
- I signed up for a free English class at the library.
- I get along well with my coworkers.
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| Can you pick me up at six? | With a pronoun, a separable verb splits: pick me up. | |
| I'm looking for my keys. | look for cannot be separated. | |
| Please fill out this form. | A form is filled out (or filled in). | |
| Turn it off, please. | A pronoun goes in the middle. | |
| We ran out of milk. | run out needs of before the thing. | |
| I will call you back. | A pronoun goes in the middle. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
Can you ___ from school at 3?
Please ___ out this form and sign it. (one word)
I'm ___ my phone. Have you seen it?
She's busy. Can she call you ___ later? (one word)
They offered me the job, but I ___ it ___. The pay was too low.
We have no more rice. We ran ___ rice. (two words)
The meeting is ___. Nobody needs to come.
My car ___ on the highway.
It's cold. ___ on your jacket. (one word)
Which is correct?
A formal word for put off: ___ (one word)