Present perfect continuous
የአሁን ፍጹም ቀጣይ ጊዜ (present perfect continuous)
I have been working። በፊት ለጀመረና አሁንም ለቀጠለ፣ ወይም አሁን ገና ላቆመ ድርጊት፤ ትኩረቱ ምን ያህል ጊዜ እንደወሰደ ወይም በድርጊቱ ላይ ነው።
ቅርጹ
have / has + been + ግሥ-ing። የሚለወጠው have/has ብቻ ነው፦ I've been waiting, she's been waiting። been አይለወጥም። ከአማርኛው "ስጠብቅ ቆይቻለሁ" ጋር ይቀራረባል፦ እስከ አሁን የቀጠለ ድርጊት።
| I / you / we / they | he / she / it | |
|---|---|---|
| + | I've been waiting for an hour. | She's been waiting for an hour. |
| − | I haven't been sleeping well. | He hasn't been sleeping well. |
| ? | How long have you been waiting? | How long has she been waiting? |
| short answers | Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. | Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't. |
- ከ for, since, all day, all morning, lately, recently እና How long…? ጋር ይጠቀሙበት።
- I've been working since six this morning.
- We've been looking for an apartment for two months.
- How long have you been studying English?
- She hasn't been feeling well lately.
መቼ ይሠራበታል
በጊዜ መስመር ላይ ከበፊት አንድ ነጥብ እስከ አሁን የሚደርስ ሞገዳማ መስመር ያስቡ። ይጠቀሙበት፦ (1) አሁንም ለቀጠለ ድርጊት፣ ምን ያህል ጊዜ እንደሆነ ለመናገር፦ I've been driving for Uber for three years። (2) አሁን ገና ለቆመና ውጤቱ ለሚታይ ድርጊት፦ Your eyes are red። Have you been crying? — Yes, I've been cutting onions።
- የሁኔታ ግሦች (know፣ የባለቤትነት have፣ like፣ be) በምትኩ የአሁን ፍጹምን ይጠቀማሉ፦ I've known him for years (I've been knowing አይደለም)።
- አማርኛ እዚህ የአሁኑን ይጠቀማል፤ እንግሊዝኛ ግን አይችልም፦ I've been waiting for two hours (I wait for two hours አይደለም)።
- The kids are tired. They've been playing outside all afternoon.
- I'm sorry I'm late. Have you been waiting long?
- It's been raining since lunch.
- He's been saving money for a car.
የአሁን ፍጹም ቀጣይ ወይስ የአሁን ፍጹም?
ቀጣዩ ድርጊቱንና ምን ያህል ጊዜ እንደቆየ ይመለከታል፤ ቀላሉ ፍጹም ውጤቱን ወይም ብዛቱን ይመለከታል። I've been painting the bedroom (ድርጊቱ፤ ምናልባት አላለቀም፤ ለዚህ ነው እጄ ላይ ቀለም ያለው) / I've painted the bedroom (አልቋል)። ከቁጥር ጋር ቀላሉን ፍጹም ይጠቀሙ፦ I've written ten emails today (I've been writing ten emails አይደለም)።
| Present perfect continuous (activity, how long) | Present perfect (result, how many) |
|---|---|
| I've been cleaning all morning. | I've cleaned the kitchen and the bathroom. |
| She's been calling the office since nine. | She's called the office four times. |
| How long have you been reading that book? | How many pages have you read? |
- ከ live እና work ጋር ሁለቱም ትክክል ናቸው፤ ትርጉማቸውም ተቀራራቢ ነው፦ I've lived / I've been living here for five years።
- I've been filling out forms all day, and I've finished six of them.
- He's been fixing cars for twenty years. He's fixed thousands.
- We've been calling the landlord, but he hasn't answered.
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| I've been waiting here for two hours. | From the past until now with for: present perfect continuous. | |
| She has been working all day. | have been + verb-ing. | |
| I've known her since school. | know is a state verb: present perfect, not continuous. | |
| I've written three emails. | With a number (how many), use the present perfect. | |
| How long have you been working here? | How long…? up to now needs a perfect tense. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
I ___ for the bus for 40 minutes!
She has ___ working since 7 a.m. (one word)
How long ___ you been living in Las Vegas?
I've ___ my brother since we were kids.
I ___ five job applications this week.
Your hands are dirty. What ___ you been doing? (one word)
It ___ (rain) all day. (three words, or short form)
Which is correct?
He ___ well lately. He looks tired.
“I've been painting the kitchen.” Is the job finished?