Making questions
ጥያቄ መሥራት (questions)
የአዎ/አይ ጥያቄዎች፣ wh- ጥያቄዎች፣ የባለቤትና የተሳቢ ጥያቄዎች፣ ትሕትና ያላቸው ቀጥተኛ ያልሆኑ ጥያቄዎችና የጥያቄ ጭራዎች (question tags)፦ በእንግሊዝኛ ረዳት ግሡ ብዙ ጊዜ ከባለቤቱ በፊት ይመጣል።
የአዎ/አይ እና የ wh- ጥያቄዎች
አማርኛ የቃላቱን ቅደም ተከተል ይዞ ድምፁን ይለውጣል ወይም ቃል ይጨምራል፦ ትሠራለህ? ወይም ትሠራለህ እንዴ? እንግሊዝኛ ግን ቅደም ተከተሉን ይለውጣል፦ ረዳቱ (be, do, have ወይም ሞዳል) ከባለቤቱ በፊት ይገባል። በአሁን ቀላልና በኀላፊ ቀላል ረዳት የለም፤ ስለዚህ do, does ወይም did ይጨምሩ፣ ዋናው ግሥም ወደ መሠረታዊ ቅርጹ ይመለሳል። የ wh- ቃል (what, where, when, who, why, how, which) ፊት ይገባል።
| Question word | Helper | Subject | Verb | Rest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Do | you | work | on Sundays? |
| — | Is | she | coming | tonight? |
| — | Can | I | park | here? |
| Where | do | you | live? | |
| What time | does | the store | open? | |
| When | did | they | arrive? | |
| How long | have | you | lived | here? |
| Why | is | the bus | late? |
- does ለ he/she/it፣ ዋናው ግሥም -s ያጣል፦ Does she work? (Does she works? አይደለም)
- ከ did በኋላ መሠረታዊ ቅርጽ፦ Did you see? (Did you saw? አይደለም)
- የአዎ/አይ ጥያቄዎች ብዙ ጊዜ መጨረሻ ላይ ድምፁ ይወጣል፤ የ wh- ጥያቄዎች ደግሞ ይወርዳል።
- Do you have an appointment? — Yes, at ten.
- Where does your son go to school?
- What did the doctor say?
- How much is the rent?
- Which bus goes to the Strip?
የባለቤት ጥያቄዎችና የተሳቢ ጥያቄዎች
who ወይም what ስለ ባለቤቱ (ድርጊቱን ስለሠራው) ሲጠይቅ do/does/did የለም፤ ቅደም ተከተሉም እንደተለመደው ይቆያል፦ Who called you? who ወይም what ስለ ተሳቢው (ድርጊቱ ስለደረሰበት) ሲጠይቅ ግን የተለመደውን የጥያቄ ቅደም ተከተል ከረዳት ጋር ይጠቀሙ፦ Who did you call?
| Sentence | Subject question | Object question |
|---|---|---|
| Sara called Daniel. | Who called Daniel? — Sara. | Who did Sara call? — Daniel. |
| The storm broke the window. | What broke the window? — The storm. | What did the storm break? — The window. |
| Ten people work here. | How many people work here? | — |
| Something happened. | What happened? | — |
- የባለቤት ጥያቄ፦ የጥያቄ ቃል + ግሥ፣ ያለ ረዳት፦ Who lives here? What happened?
- የተሳቢ ጥያቄ፦ የጥያቄ ቃል + ረዳት + ባለቤት + ግሥ፦ Who do you live with?
- Who told you about this job?
- Who did you talk to at the bank?
- What happened at work today?
- What did you buy at the market?
ቀጥተኛ ያልሆኑ ጥያቄዎች፦ ትሕትና ያላቸው ጥያቄዎች
በተለይ ከማያውቋቸው ሰዎችና በቢሮዎች ትሕትና ለማሳየት በ Could you tell me…?፣ Do you know…? ወይም I was wondering… ይጀምሩ። ከዚህ መነሻ በኋላ ጥያቄው የዓረፍተ ነገር ቅደም ተከተል ይይዛል፤ do/does/did የለውም። ለአዎ/አይ ጥያቄዎች if ወይም whether ይጨምሩ።
| Direct | Indirect (more polite) |
|---|---|
| Where is the bank? | Could you tell me where the bank is? |
| What time does the office close? | Do you know what time the office closes? |
| Is the pharmacy open? | Do you know if the pharmacy is open? |
| How much does it cost? | I was wondering how much it costs. |
- ከመነሻው በኋላ የዓረፍተ ነገር ቅደም ተከተል፦ where the bank is (where is the bank አይደለም)።
- የጥያቄ ምልክቱ በመነሻው ይወሰናል፦ Could you tell me…? ግን I was wondering… ።
- Could you tell me where the restrooms are?
- Do you know if this bus stops at the hospital?
- Can you tell me when my order will be ready?
- I'd like to know why my bill is so high.
የጥያቄ ጭራዎች (question tags)
አማርኛ ለማንኛውም ዓረፍተ ነገር አንድ ቃል ይጨምራል፦ አይደል? እንግሊዝኛ ግን ከዓረፍተ ነገሩ ረዳት የተሠራ አጭር ጭራ ይጠቀማል። አዎንታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገር አሉታዊ ጭራ ይወስዳል፤ አሉታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገር ደግሞ አዎንታዊ ጭራ ይወስዳል። ድምፁ ከወረደ ስምምነትን ይጠብቃሉ፤ ከወጣ እውነተኛ ጥያቄ ነው።
| Sentence | Tag |
|---|---|
| You're new here, | aren't you? |
| She works nights, | doesn't she? |
| They went to the wedding, | didn't they? |
| You can drive, | can't you? |
| He isn't coming, | is he? |
| You haven't paid yet, | have you? |
| I'm late, | aren't I? |
| Let's go, | shall we? |
- በዓረፍተ ነገሩ ረዳት የለም? በጭራው do / does / did ይጠቀሙ፦ You live here, don't you?
- ጭራው ተውላጠ ስም ይጠቀማል፦ Your brother is a nurse, isn't he?
- It's hot today, isn't it?
- You don't have change for a twenty, do you?
- The meeting starts at nine, doesn't it?
- You've met my wife, haven't you?
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| Where do you live? | Wh- questions need a helper (do/does/did) before the subject. | |
| What time does the bus come? | Use does with he/she/it, and the main verb has no -s. | |
| Who called you? | When who is the subject, there is no did. | |
| Can you tell me where the bank is? | Indirect questions use statement order. | |
| You're coming, aren't you? | English uses a tag with the same helper, not no. | |
| Did you go to work? | After did, use the base form. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
___ you work on Saturdays?
___ does the store open? — At 9 a.m. (one or two words)
Where ___ she live?
Who ___ the window? — Kidus did.
Who ___ you call last night? (one word)
Could you tell me where ___?
Do you know ___ the clinic is open on Sunday? (one word)
You're new here, ___?
She doesn't drive, ___ she? (one word)
They went to the wedding, ___?
How ___ have you lived in Las Vegas? — Six years. (one word)