Relative clauses: who, which, that, where, whose, when
አንጻራዊ ሐረጎች፦ who, which, that, where, whose, when (relative clauses)
አንጻራዊ ሐረግ ስለ አንድ ስም መረጃ ይጨምራል፣ ወዲያው ከስሙ በኋላ፦ the man who lives next door። ገላጭ (defining) ሐረጎች የትኛው እንደሆነ ይናገራሉ፣ ኮማ የላቸውም፤ ገላጭ ያልሆኑ (non-defining) ሐረጎች ተጨማሪ መረጃን በኮማዎች መካከል ይጨምራሉ።
አንጻራዊ ቃላት
አማርኛ ገላጩን ክፍል ከስሙ በፊት ያደርጋል (ጎረቤት የሚኖረው ሰው)። እንግሊዝኛ ከስሙ በኋላ ያደርገውና በአንጻራዊ ቃል ይጀምረዋል። ቃሉን በስሙ ይምረጡ፦ ለሰዎች who፣ ለዕቃዎች which፣ ለቦታዎች where፣ ለባለቤትነት whose፣ ለጊዜ when። በገላጭ ሐረጎች that የ who ወይም የ which ቦታ ሊወስድ ይችላል።
| Word | For | Example |
|---|---|---|
| who | people | The woman who called is my landlord. |
| which | things, animals | The car which I bought is a Honda. |
| that | people or things (defining only) | The job that I applied for is full-time. |
| where | places | This is the store where I work. |
| whose | possession (his/her/their) | That's the man whose son is in my class. |
| when | times | I remember the day when we arrived. |
- ተውላጠ ስሙን አይድገሙ፦ the man who lives next door (the man who he lives next door አይደለም)።
- who እና which ስሙን ይተካሉ፤ አይጨመሩበትም፦ the house which I rented (the house which I rented it አይደለም)።
- who/which/that ተሳቢ ሲሆን መተው ይቻላል፦ the job (that) I applied for።
- The doctor who saw my son was very kind.
- I lost the bag that had my passport in it.
- This is the church where we got married.
- I have a friend whose brother lives in Seattle.
- Saturday is the day when I do the laundry.
- The apartment we saw yesterday is already rented.
ገላጭና ገላጭ ያልሆነ (ኮማዎች)
ገላጭ ሐረግ የትኛው እንደሆነ ይነግርዎታል፤ ያለ እሱ ዓረፍተ ነገሩ ግልጽ አይሆንም። ኮማ የለውም፦ The bus that goes to the airport is the 108። ገላጭ ያልሆነ ሐረግ ቀድሞ ግልጽ ስለሆነ ነገር ተጨማሪ መረጃ ይጨምራል፤ ሊያወጡት ይችላሉ። በኮማዎች መካከል ይገባል፣ that አይጠቀምም፦ My mother, who lives in Addis, is visiting next month።
| Defining | Non-defining | |
|---|---|---|
| job | says which one | adds extra information |
| commas | no | yes, around the clause |
| that | yes | no |
| leave out who/which? | yes, if it's the object | no |
| example | The neighbour who has a dog is moving. | Our neighbour, who has a dog, is moving. |
- ስሞችና my mother, my wife (አንድ ብቻ) ብዙ ጊዜ በኮማ የሚለዩ ገላጭ ያልሆኑ ሐረጎችን ይፈልጋሉ።
- which ከኮማ በኋላ ሙሉ ዓረፍተ ነገርን ሊያመለክት ይችላል፦ The bus was late, which made me late for work።
- Las Vegas, which is in Nevada, gets very hot in summer.
- The people who live upstairs are very quiet.
- My brother, whose wife is a nurse, works at the airport.
- The form that you need is on the website.
- He passed his driving test, which surprised everyone.
የተለመዱ ስህተቶች
| ስህተት | ትክክል | ለምን |
|---|---|---|
| The man who called you is here. | Use who for people. | |
| The woman who lives upstairs is a teacher. | Don't repeat the subject after who. | |
| This is the apartment which I rented. | which replaces it; don't add it again. | |
| My father, who is 70, still works. | Non-defining clauses can't use that. | |
| Here is the place where I work. | Use where for places (or which I work at). | |
| I know a man whose son is a doctor. | Use whose for possession. |
ልምምድ
እያንዳንዱ መልስ ወዲያው ከምክንያቱ ጋር ይታረማል። እዚህ ምንም አይቀመጥም።
The nurse ___ helped me was very patient.
The phone ___ I bought last week is broken.
This is the restaurant ___ we had our first date. (one word)
She's the woman ___ husband owns the market.
Which sentence is correct?
I remember the day ___ my daughter was born. (one word)
The bus ___ goes downtown leaves every 15 minutes.
Correct it: “The man who he fixed my car is from Eritrea.” Remove one word: ___
In which sentence can you leave out the relative word?
He got the job, ___ made his parents very happy.